SURAT PERMOHONAN
Kepada Yth.
DEKAN FKIP Untan
Di-
Tempat
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Segala puji bagi Tuhan semesta alam yang senantiasa melimpahkan rahmat dan inayah-Nya kepada kita semua. Sehingga kita dapat melaksanakan aktivitas kita sehari-hari.
Berdasarkan edaran dari Kabag Kemahasiswaan Universitas Tanjungpura mengenai adanya beasiswa dari PT BCA finance maka saya:
Nama : Karsinah
NIM : F 12105122
IPK : 3, 37
TTL : Sintang, 15 januari 1986
Jur/Prodi : PBS/ Pend. Bahasa Inggris
Angkatan : 2005
Alamat : Jl. Parit Haji Husin 2, Komplek Fajar Pemai No B20
memohon untuk pembuatan surat rekomendasi guna memenuhi persyaratan yang tercantum dalam beasiswa PT BCA Finance.
Demikian surat permohonan ini saya sampaikan. Atas perhatian dan kerjasamanmya saya ucapkan terimakasih
Pontianak, 11 Mei 2009
Karsinah
F 12105122
SURAT PERMOHONAN
Kepada Yth.
PT BCA Finance
Di-
Tempat
Assalamua’laikum Wr. Wb.
Segala puji bagi Tuhan semesta alam. Semoga kita selalu dalam lindungan-Nya dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari. Amiin.
Berdasarkan edaran dari Kabag Kemahasiswaan Universitas Tanjungpura mengenai adanya beasiswa dari PT BCA Finance maka saya:
Nama : Karsinah
NIM : F 12105122
Jur/Prodi : PBS/ Pend. Bahasa Inggris
Fak/PT : FKIP/Universitas Tanjungpura
Mengajukan surat permohonan untuk mendapatkan beasiswa dari PT BCA Finance. Adapun persyaratan beasiswa PT BCA Finance telah saya penuhi yaitu:
1. Transkrip Nilai
2. Surat keterangan tidak mampu dari kelurahan
3. Surat rekomendasi dari perguruan tinggi
4. Biodata
5. Foto copi KTM
6. Foto ukuran 4x6 sebanyak 2 lembar
Demikian surat permohonan ini saya sampaikan. Atas perhatian dan kerjasamanmya saya ucapkan terimakasih
Pontianak, 18 Mei 2009
Karsinah
F 12105122
Tuesday
resume
Meeting 1
February, 18 2009
The topic we will discuss in Semantic subject.
1. What is semantic?
2. Three types of synonim and antonym.
3. Hyphonemy and superordination.
4. Homophone and homonim.
5. Polysemy and metonomy.
6. Register (slank, colocall, figurtive, etc.).
7. Mid test.
8. Denotation and connotation.
9. Implication.
10. Ambiguity.
11. Metaphore, simile and symbol.
12. Collocation, fix expression, idiom.
13. Semantic change and etimology.
14. Final test.
What is Semantic
Folk names Technical terms
- Meaning - (discourse)semantic
Content - Wording - lexico grammar
(words/structures)
Expression Sounds/letter phonology/graphology
E.g. A tri stratal semiotic system of language.
- when the lights are out, they are invisible
- when the stars are out, they are visible
- he loves the bottle
Means that he loves the water in the glass receptacle.
Does semantic investigate denotative and connotative meaning?
Eg. Black cat = the cat whose the colour is black (denotative)
The conotative meaning in british english is unlucky connotation
Horse-shoe = a shoe wore by a horse (denotative)
The connotative meaning in british english ia lucky connotation
I can’t untie his knot with one hand.
1. I have an ability in certain things
2. I talking about knot
3. The process of loosening tie.
Garage sale: when some family want to move out so they will have unused item in the garage.
1. Is a ring suppose to be rang or square
2. Body sale = item for sale are related to garmens are named baby.
Meeting 2
February, 25 2009
Semantic investigates the relationship between eords (synonyms, antonyms, etc.)
Lexical items can be regardedas synonymous if they are replaceable without altering the meaning of the utterances.
Antonyms gradable antonyms
Ungradable antonyms / can’t use comparative structure
Converses = perceive the situation
Eg. He broke (snapped) the twig.
He had been the scapegoat of his basis incompetence
Fall guy
Temperature (formal) = mercury (informal)
Tornado=twister
Wise guy = wise man
Oversee = over look
Notice to fell to notice
An action does by the supervisor,
Synonym = perfect, near, and far
Blam passing = saling menyalahkan = finger pointing
Ocean = big mama
Low pro (file) = inconspicuous Corpse = death human body
Home = habitual abode Carcass = death animal body
Antonym
Dead alive (complimentary
ungradable antonym
big small
gradable antonym
converses
lend borrow
give receive
catch throw
Find the synonym of the words underlined below.
1. My pizza got cols. I’m going to microwave it.
Answer : heat
2. She is enjoy europicaly now that she has a good job.
Answer : europicaly = happy, exiting
Now that = because
3. There is a lot of breaking and accelerating on the road right now due to rush our.
Answer : breaking = slow
Accelerating = go
Rush our = crowded
4. There is a lot of deterioration happening to my car driving it to work everyday.
Answer: deterioration = damage, wear and tear
5. This work is bone breaking.
Answer: terribly hard
Meeting 3
March, 4 2009
Hyponimy and superordination
Hyponimy and superordination show a relationship between two words in which the meaning of one of the words includes the meaning of the other. The specific term is called hyponimy and the general term is called superordinate. A superordinate term can have many hyponyms.
Battleship
Aircraft carrier
Fleet Cruises co-hyponyms
Destroyer
Frigrate
Fleet = military ship in a country.
Frigate = a travel with other ship to protect them.
Desert
Fruit
Food
Vegetables lasagne = Italian dish, made from pasta, vegetable
Dishes burger
Edibles
Coffee
Beverages Milk
Banana milkshake
Edibles = a thing that can be eaten, subordinating term, higher level of S (superordination)
Multiplication
Spoon Addition
Cutlery Fork Calculation Substraction
Knife Division
Can Tobogganing
Motorbike Toning exercise
Vehicle Bus Sport White water rafting
Train Stationary cycling
1. Bite
2. Soulty
3. Sour Taste
4. Sweet
5. Testless
6. Delicious
Practice
Discriminate among words
1. What is the relationship between baby, toddler, child at the lesson (teenager) and adults.
2. find three more superordinating terms that cover several hyponyms.
Answer:
1. People is the superordination of baby, child, at the lesson (teenager) and adults, toddler.
Baby, child, at the lesson (teenager) and adults are hyponym.
2. Flower, animal, furniture, colour, omyside.
Construct 2 sentences showing semantic superordination (never, before)
1. I never eat lasagne before, i considering eating the food next time.
2. My mother planted roses in the garden on Sunday, because she likes flowers verymuch.
Meeting 4
March, 11 2009
Metonomy is a cognitive process in which one conceptual entity (the vehicle) provides mental acces to another conceptual entity (the target)
The whole-for the part M. Eg. The 11 football players.
The controller-for the controlled M. Eg. Nixon bombed hanoi.
Metonomy The symbol-for the thing symbolized M. Eg. The pen is mighter than the sword.
The container-for the content M. Eg. He drank the whole bottle.
Polysemy is a word may be regarded as polysemous if it has two or more extended meanings whose extension differ somewhat but which clearly share a common semantic core-conventional or intentional.
She is a girl of sharp intelligences
Dry = is not wet.
Dry cow = a cow which is thirsty
Dry reading = boring
Dry humor = a man very clever humor which not very obvious/approving meaning.
Dry wedding = there is alcoholic served to the guest.
Dry wine = not sweet
Dry cough = doesn’t produce and flame
Dry voice = without emotion
Meeting 5
March, 18 2009
Homographs
1. a. He book a bow at the end of the concert.
b. He was wearing a bow tie.
2. a. They had a row over money and split up.
b. They sat in the back now.
Homophones
The archeological site was a marvellous sight at sunset. Let’s pray that we may never to prey to evil thoughts.
1. What is the subtitution?
2. What do you mean by homographs?
3. What do you mean by homophones?
4. What’s the different between homonyms and polysemy?
Homonyms divided into:
1. Homographs. That is a couple of word they are similar in writing and the same spelling but different in meaning.
2. Homophones. That is a cup of words. They are not similar in writing and not the same in spelling, has different meaning but the same in pronounciation.
Row = cruel, line of seat, moves the boat with a couple of instrument.
Another example of homophones:
Knight/hight
Homonyms is intralingual phenomenon within one single language false friends is not intralingual phenomenon into 2 languages.
Eg.
1. What is the history of the sweatest lesson?
Because it is full of dates.
2. Why did a big chimney say to the small chimney?
You are too young to smoke-cigarette, produce the blank smoke.
3. Why did you take a pencil to bed?
I wanted to draw teh curtain.
Draw = to make pictures, to full it open.
4. Mention another 3 phases of words having the same pronounciation but different meaning?
Bag – back
Sick – seek
Hate – hat
Plant – plan
Meeting 6
April, 1 2009
1. What do you mean by register?
2. What does the choice of register on?
3. Can you mention the six register types?
4. How many aspect in any situation that make different to how we use language/
5. What does the field of discourse refer to?
6. What does the tenor of discourse refer to?
7. What does the mode of discourse refer to?
Register :
1. Style of speaking / writing which is appropriate to a particular social situation.
2. Style of language use by the people sharing the same occupation.
Eg.
1. Pick up the paint brush, please? (positive politeness)
2. Sorry to bother you, but could you please pick up the paint brush?
The choice of register depend on:
1. Type of situation
2. The person addresed
3. The location
4. The topic discussed
Register types:
• archaic-modern = thou art –damsel-girl, sweatmeat-candy
• literary-non literary = morn-on the morrow
• technical-non technical =download-upload
• academic-non academic = GDA – paradigm
• formal – informal
• spoke – written
formal – neutral – informal
spectales – glasses – specs
abode/residence – house – place
clothing - clothes – clobber
spouse – husband – other half
What is the different between genre and register
Answer:
Genre is text types. There are 12 types of genre:
narrative, descriptive, argumentative, discussion, report, recount, hortatory exposistion.
Field of discourse = what is being talk about.
Tenor of discourse = the selection of language, interaction/relationship between person to person.
Eg. Mother - child
Mode of langage = the role language display spoken or written
Eg. Teacher – student
Meeting 8
April, 29 2009
1. What is denotation?
2. Which meaning is denotative often equated?
3. What’s connotation?
4. Which meaning is connotative meaning often equated with?
5. Is connotative meaning universal of language specific?
Connotative = a language skill
Denotative = a universal
Denotative is part of meaning that relate to phenomenon in the real world (referential). It must be focus of physical referent. It is core meaning, conseptual meaning, central meaning, referential.
Word (bird)
Meaning referent
- a two legged
- wriged
- warm blooded
- egg laying
- creature with a beak
conotative is the additional meaning that a word of phrase beyond in the central meaning/analogical nature of human conceptualization.
Cowboy builders/plumbers
Birdwatching/ bird watcher
Horseshoe/mascot/black cat
Horseshoe and mascot is lucky connotation in british english.
Blackcat is unlucky conotation in british english.
Shark = untrustable person, dishonest person
A scar war
Scar = something ugly, dennotation-human/animal body.
White = purity (british english)
Black = evil (british english)
Blue = miserable (british english)
Red = danger (british english)
Yelow = fears (british english)
1. Can you find at least one culture/language specific connotative meaning?
2. The tongue still bears, the scar war. Can you explain the connotation meaning of scar as it is used in this sentence.
Answer:
1. Butterfly and crocodile
2. Scar = danger, sorrow, unrealibility
Bears = something unpleasent
February, 18 2009
The topic we will discuss in Semantic subject.
1. What is semantic?
2. Three types of synonim and antonym.
3. Hyphonemy and superordination.
4. Homophone and homonim.
5. Polysemy and metonomy.
6. Register (slank, colocall, figurtive, etc.).
7. Mid test.
8. Denotation and connotation.
9. Implication.
10. Ambiguity.
11. Metaphore, simile and symbol.
12. Collocation, fix expression, idiom.
13. Semantic change and etimology.
14. Final test.
What is Semantic
Folk names Technical terms
- Meaning - (discourse)semantic
Content - Wording - lexico grammar
(words/structures)
Expression Sounds/letter phonology/graphology
E.g. A tri stratal semiotic system of language.
- when the lights are out, they are invisible
- when the stars are out, they are visible
- he loves the bottle
Means that he loves the water in the glass receptacle.
Does semantic investigate denotative and connotative meaning?
Eg. Black cat = the cat whose the colour is black (denotative)
The conotative meaning in british english is unlucky connotation
Horse-shoe = a shoe wore by a horse (denotative)
The connotative meaning in british english ia lucky connotation
I can’t untie his knot with one hand.
1. I have an ability in certain things
2. I talking about knot
3. The process of loosening tie.
Garage sale: when some family want to move out so they will have unused item in the garage.
1. Is a ring suppose to be rang or square
2. Body sale = item for sale are related to garmens are named baby.
Meeting 2
February, 25 2009
Semantic investigates the relationship between eords (synonyms, antonyms, etc.)
Lexical items can be regardedas synonymous if they are replaceable without altering the meaning of the utterances.
Antonyms gradable antonyms
Ungradable antonyms / can’t use comparative structure
Converses = perceive the situation
Eg. He broke (snapped) the twig.
He had been the scapegoat of his basis incompetence
Fall guy
Temperature (formal) = mercury (informal)
Tornado=twister
Wise guy = wise man
Oversee = over look
Notice to fell to notice
An action does by the supervisor,
Synonym = perfect, near, and far
Blam passing = saling menyalahkan = finger pointing
Ocean = big mama
Low pro (file) = inconspicuous Corpse = death human body
Home = habitual abode Carcass = death animal body
Antonym
Dead alive (complimentary
ungradable antonym
big small
gradable antonym
converses
lend borrow
give receive
catch throw
Find the synonym of the words underlined below.
1. My pizza got cols. I’m going to microwave it.
Answer : heat
2. She is enjoy europicaly now that she has a good job.
Answer : europicaly = happy, exiting
Now that = because
3. There is a lot of breaking and accelerating on the road right now due to rush our.
Answer : breaking = slow
Accelerating = go
Rush our = crowded
4. There is a lot of deterioration happening to my car driving it to work everyday.
Answer: deterioration = damage, wear and tear
5. This work is bone breaking.
Answer: terribly hard
Meeting 3
March, 4 2009
Hyponimy and superordination
Hyponimy and superordination show a relationship between two words in which the meaning of one of the words includes the meaning of the other. The specific term is called hyponimy and the general term is called superordinate. A superordinate term can have many hyponyms.
Battleship
Aircraft carrier
Fleet Cruises co-hyponyms
Destroyer
Frigrate
Fleet = military ship in a country.
Frigate = a travel with other ship to protect them.
Desert
Fruit
Food
Vegetables lasagne = Italian dish, made from pasta, vegetable
Dishes burger
Edibles
Coffee
Beverages Milk
Banana milkshake
Edibles = a thing that can be eaten, subordinating term, higher level of S (superordination)
Multiplication
Spoon Addition
Cutlery Fork Calculation Substraction
Knife Division
Can Tobogganing
Motorbike Toning exercise
Vehicle Bus Sport White water rafting
Train Stationary cycling
1. Bite
2. Soulty
3. Sour Taste
4. Sweet
5. Testless
6. Delicious
Practice
Discriminate among words
1. What is the relationship between baby, toddler, child at the lesson (teenager) and adults.
2. find three more superordinating terms that cover several hyponyms.
Answer:
1. People is the superordination of baby, child, at the lesson (teenager) and adults, toddler.
Baby, child, at the lesson (teenager) and adults are hyponym.
2. Flower, animal, furniture, colour, omyside.
Construct 2 sentences showing semantic superordination (never, before)
1. I never eat lasagne before, i considering eating the food next time.
2. My mother planted roses in the garden on Sunday, because she likes flowers verymuch.
Meeting 4
March, 11 2009
Metonomy is a cognitive process in which one conceptual entity (the vehicle) provides mental acces to another conceptual entity (the target)
The whole-for the part M. Eg. The 11 football players.
The controller-for the controlled M. Eg. Nixon bombed hanoi.
Metonomy The symbol-for the thing symbolized M. Eg. The pen is mighter than the sword.
The container-for the content M. Eg. He drank the whole bottle.
Polysemy is a word may be regarded as polysemous if it has two or more extended meanings whose extension differ somewhat but which clearly share a common semantic core-conventional or intentional.
She is a girl of sharp intelligences
Dry = is not wet.
Dry cow = a cow which is thirsty
Dry reading = boring
Dry humor = a man very clever humor which not very obvious/approving meaning.
Dry wedding = there is alcoholic served to the guest.
Dry wine = not sweet
Dry cough = doesn’t produce and flame
Dry voice = without emotion
Meeting 5
March, 18 2009
Homographs
1. a. He book a bow at the end of the concert.
b. He was wearing a bow tie.
2. a. They had a row over money and split up.
b. They sat in the back now.
Homophones
The archeological site was a marvellous sight at sunset. Let’s pray that we may never to prey to evil thoughts.
1. What is the subtitution?
2. What do you mean by homographs?
3. What do you mean by homophones?
4. What’s the different between homonyms and polysemy?
Homonyms divided into:
1. Homographs. That is a couple of word they are similar in writing and the same spelling but different in meaning.
2. Homophones. That is a cup of words. They are not similar in writing and not the same in spelling, has different meaning but the same in pronounciation.
Row = cruel, line of seat, moves the boat with a couple of instrument.
Another example of homophones:
Knight/hight
Homonyms is intralingual phenomenon within one single language false friends is not intralingual phenomenon into 2 languages.
Eg.
1. What is the history of the sweatest lesson?
Because it is full of dates.
2. Why did a big chimney say to the small chimney?
You are too young to smoke-cigarette, produce the blank smoke.
3. Why did you take a pencil to bed?
I wanted to draw teh curtain.
Draw = to make pictures, to full it open.
4. Mention another 3 phases of words having the same pronounciation but different meaning?
Bag – back
Sick – seek
Hate – hat
Plant – plan
Meeting 6
April, 1 2009
1. What do you mean by register?
2. What does the choice of register on?
3. Can you mention the six register types?
4. How many aspect in any situation that make different to how we use language/
5. What does the field of discourse refer to?
6. What does the tenor of discourse refer to?
7. What does the mode of discourse refer to?
Register :
1. Style of speaking / writing which is appropriate to a particular social situation.
2. Style of language use by the people sharing the same occupation.
Eg.
1. Pick up the paint brush, please? (positive politeness)
2. Sorry to bother you, but could you please pick up the paint brush?
The choice of register depend on:
1. Type of situation
2. The person addresed
3. The location
4. The topic discussed
Register types:
• archaic-modern = thou art –damsel-girl, sweatmeat-candy
• literary-non literary = morn-on the morrow
• technical-non technical =download-upload
• academic-non academic = GDA – paradigm
• formal – informal
• spoke – written
formal – neutral – informal
spectales – glasses – specs
abode/residence – house – place
clothing - clothes – clobber
spouse – husband – other half
What is the different between genre and register
Answer:
Genre is text types. There are 12 types of genre:
narrative, descriptive, argumentative, discussion, report, recount, hortatory exposistion.
Field of discourse = what is being talk about.
Tenor of discourse = the selection of language, interaction/relationship between person to person.
Eg. Mother - child
Mode of langage = the role language display spoken or written
Eg. Teacher – student
Meeting 8
April, 29 2009
1. What is denotation?
2. Which meaning is denotative often equated?
3. What’s connotation?
4. Which meaning is connotative meaning often equated with?
5. Is connotative meaning universal of language specific?
Connotative = a language skill
Denotative = a universal
Denotative is part of meaning that relate to phenomenon in the real world (referential). It must be focus of physical referent. It is core meaning, conseptual meaning, central meaning, referential.
Word (bird)
Meaning referent
- a two legged
- wriged
- warm blooded
- egg laying
- creature with a beak
conotative is the additional meaning that a word of phrase beyond in the central meaning/analogical nature of human conceptualization.
Cowboy builders/plumbers
Birdwatching/ bird watcher
Horseshoe/mascot/black cat
Horseshoe and mascot is lucky connotation in british english.
Blackcat is unlucky conotation in british english.
Shark = untrustable person, dishonest person
A scar war
Scar = something ugly, dennotation-human/animal body.
White = purity (british english)
Black = evil (british english)
Blue = miserable (british english)
Red = danger (british english)
Yelow = fears (british english)
1. Can you find at least one culture/language specific connotative meaning?
2. The tongue still bears, the scar war. Can you explain the connotation meaning of scar as it is used in this sentence.
Answer:
1. Butterfly and crocodile
2. Scar = danger, sorrow, unrealibility
Bears = something unpleasent
tgas semantic
Page 9
Exercises
ii.I The underlined words in the sentences below have a number of different meanings. What is their meaning in the contexts of these sentences
1. What does polysemy mean?
Answer: mean = definition of polysemy
2. What a note of any special register characteristics that a word has.
Answer: note = a short written
3. The judge increase the sentence to life imprisonment.
Answer: sentence = punishment
4. We had a light lunch.
Answer: light = a lunch that consist of small quantity-meals
5. Carl is very good at putting on different accents?
Answer: putting on = expressing or stating
6. Does spanish writing use any different accents?
Answer: accents = a mark, usually above a letter to indicate or emphasis the quality of a vowel sounds
7. Where does the stress go on the noun ‘photograpther’.
Answer: stress = an extra force used when pronouncing a particular word/syllabel
8. There are a lot of points to think about when considering the meaning of words.
Answer: points = topics that we have to discuss in discussion
ii.2 Choose a synonym from the box in order to complete the response to these statements.
Worn out famished annoying excruciating pouring
Appropriate brilliant gorgeous
1. Are you hungry? Yes, I’m ... .
Answer: famished
2. Is she an intelligent girl? Yes, she’s absolutely ... .
Answer: brilliant
3. Your little boy looks tired. Yes, he’s ... .
Answer: excruciating
4. I like her dress. Yes, isn’t it ... .
Answer: worn out
5. Is it raining? Yes, it’s ... .
Answer: pouring
6. The film was pretty bad, wasn’t it? Yes, I thought it was ... .
Answer: gorgeous
7. Did you think the sentence was fair? Yes, I thought it was ... .
Answer: appropriate
8. Does she delibrately wind him up? Yes, she loves ... him.
Answer: annoying
ii.3 Match the words on the left with the words they collocate with on the right.
Answer
1. to contemplate your feature
2. to dismiss a worker
3. to do some gardening
4. to dribble a ball
5. to have a good time
6. to make a mistake
7. to pay a rope
8. to plead innocence
9. to set an example
10. to shuffle cards
11. to waste an opportunity
12. to wind a compliment
ii.4 Answer the questions about connotation and register
1. Which of these things have lucky connotation in British English-horseshoe, mascot, black cat, the number 13?
Answer: Horseshoes and mascot
2. Mistletoe is a kind of parasitic plant, but what are its special connotations?
Answer:
3. Give the standard meaning and the informal meaning of the following words-loaf, bread, nick, kid, wicked.
Answer:
a. Loaf
Standard: a mass of bread shaped and baked in one piece.
Informal: to spend one’s time not working, or not doing what one should be doing.
b. Bread
Standard: a food made of flour, water, and ussually yeast mixed together and then baked.
Informal:a small loaf of bread for one person.
c. Nick
Standard: a very small cut.
Informal: to arrest somebody, to steal something.
d. Kid
Standard: a child or young person
Informal: to say something as a joke, often making someone believe something that is not true.
e. Wicked
Standard: people or their actions morally bad
Informal: excellent
4. What does the word register mean for a) linguist, b) a school teacher, c) a musician?
Answer:
A linguist = the style of language, grammar and words used for particular situations.
A school teacher = to put information, especially your name, into an official list or record.
A musician = all the notes that a musical instrument or a person's voice can produce, from the highest to the lowest.
Page 9
Exercise
iii.1 In a good dictionary, such as the Cambridge International Dictionary English, look up the word dissimilar. Are there any special aspects of usage that you should make a note of?
Answer:
If your dictionary does not tell you anything special about its usage, look at the notes about usage of dissmilar in unit 71
iii.2 Look in your dictionary and find out which two preposition normally follow the adjective liable.
Answer: preposition of for and to
iii.3 Find the dictionary which has the word aught in it. What special information does the dictionary give about its usage?
Answer:
ii.4 If you can acces internet, go to the website for Cambridge University Press dictionaries at dictionary.cambridge.org and find out if the two phrasal verbs catch up with and catch up on are the same, or wether there are differences in meaning.
Answer:
Catch up with and catch up on have different meaning.
- catch up with sb (PUNISH) phrasal verb.
If someone in authority catches up with you, they discover that you have been doing something wrong and often punish you for it: They had been selling stolen cars for years before the police caught up with them.
- Catch up with sb (CAUSE PROBLEMS) phrasal verb.
If something bad that you have done or that has been happening to you catches up with you, it begins to cause problems for you: His lies will catch up with him one day.
- Catch sb on the wrong foot.
If something catches you on the wrong foot, you are not prepared for it: I hadn't expected the question and it caught me on the wrong foot.
- Catch sb on the hop UK INFORMAL.
To do something when someone is not ready for it and is not able to deal with it: I'm afraid you've caught me on the hop I wasn't expecting you till next week.
Page 13
Exercise
iv.1 Choose between real and genuine in these sentences. Circle the more normal collocation. If both are acceptable, circle them both.
1. The Egyptian Pyramid hotel in Las Vegas is great, but I’d prefer to see the real/genuine thing.
Answer = genuine thing
2. He just does not live in the real/genuine world. He live in a fantasy world all the time.
Answer = real world
3. This briefcase is made of real/genuine leather.
Answer = real/genuine person
4. She is very real/genuine person. If she promises something, she’ll do it.
Answer = real person
5. This home-made champagne is nice, but it’s not as good as the real/genuine article.
Answer = genuine
iv.2 Choose one of the words below each sentence to fill the gaps. In each case only one of them is the normal collocation for the underlined word.
1. After his death, she went to the hospital to collect his personal ... .
a) affairs b) objects c) effects d) extras
Answer = b) objects
2. He made a rather ... attempt at an apology, but it didn’t convince anyone.
a) faint b)frail c)fragile d) feeble
Answer = d) feeble
3. George was a ... opponent, and I respected him for that.
a) formidable b) dreadful c) forbidding d) threatening
Answer = a) formidable
4. I was feeling ... anxious when she didn’t arrive.
a) totally b) pretty c) utterly d) blatantly
Answer = b) pretty
5. She seemed to be ... bewildered by the answer they gave her.
a) vividly b) strongly c) utterly d) heavily
Answer = b) strongly
iv.3 Circle the most suitable collocation in these sentences. The word you choose should have the approximate meaning given in brackets.
1. A brisk/brusque/brash (quick and energetic) walk before breakfast helps to enforce/sharpen/grow (increase, make stronger) the appetite.
Answer = - brisk
- grow
2. The death tally/tale/toll in the earthquake has now risen to 20,000. (number of total)
Answer = tally
3. Let’s take a sluggish/plodding/leisurely stroll along the beach, shall we? (slow and not energetic)
Answer = plodding
4. If you want to stay at home tonight, that’s utterly/perfectly/blatantly OK with me. (completely, 100%)
Answer = perfectly
5. My aunt bequeathed/bequested/bereaved ₤20,000 in her will to cancer research. (gave after her death)
Answer = bequested
6. If I remember rightly/keenly/fairly she had two brothers, both older than her. (correctly)
Answer = rightly
7. If you want information about the publisher of this book, you can accede/call/visit their website at www.cambridge.org. (consult, look at)
Answer = visit
8. Eating all those peanuts has spoilt/attacked/lowered my appetite. I don’t feel like dinner now. (destroyed, decreased)
Answer = attacked
iv.4 Which collocation is more likely? Circle the correct answer.
1. a strong car/ a powerful car 4. a doleful party / a doleful expression
2. strong tea / powerful tea 5. a lengthy car / a lengthy meeting
3. auburn hair/ auburn carpet
Answer
1. a powerful car
2. strong tea
3. auburn hair
4. a doleful expression
5. a lenghty meeting
Exercises
ii.I The underlined words in the sentences below have a number of different meanings. What is their meaning in the contexts of these sentences
1. What does polysemy mean?
Answer: mean = definition of polysemy
2. What a note of any special register characteristics that a word has.
Answer: note = a short written
3. The judge increase the sentence to life imprisonment.
Answer: sentence = punishment
4. We had a light lunch.
Answer: light = a lunch that consist of small quantity-meals
5. Carl is very good at putting on different accents?
Answer: putting on = expressing or stating
6. Does spanish writing use any different accents?
Answer: accents = a mark, usually above a letter to indicate or emphasis the quality of a vowel sounds
7. Where does the stress go on the noun ‘photograpther’.
Answer: stress = an extra force used when pronouncing a particular word/syllabel
8. There are a lot of points to think about when considering the meaning of words.
Answer: points = topics that we have to discuss in discussion
ii.2 Choose a synonym from the box in order to complete the response to these statements.
Worn out famished annoying excruciating pouring
Appropriate brilliant gorgeous
1. Are you hungry? Yes, I’m ... .
Answer: famished
2. Is she an intelligent girl? Yes, she’s absolutely ... .
Answer: brilliant
3. Your little boy looks tired. Yes, he’s ... .
Answer: excruciating
4. I like her dress. Yes, isn’t it ... .
Answer: worn out
5. Is it raining? Yes, it’s ... .
Answer: pouring
6. The film was pretty bad, wasn’t it? Yes, I thought it was ... .
Answer: gorgeous
7. Did you think the sentence was fair? Yes, I thought it was ... .
Answer: appropriate
8. Does she delibrately wind him up? Yes, she loves ... him.
Answer: annoying
ii.3 Match the words on the left with the words they collocate with on the right.
Answer
1. to contemplate your feature
2. to dismiss a worker
3. to do some gardening
4. to dribble a ball
5. to have a good time
6. to make a mistake
7. to pay a rope
8. to plead innocence
9. to set an example
10. to shuffle cards
11. to waste an opportunity
12. to wind a compliment
ii.4 Answer the questions about connotation and register
1. Which of these things have lucky connotation in British English-horseshoe, mascot, black cat, the number 13?
Answer: Horseshoes and mascot
2. Mistletoe is a kind of parasitic plant, but what are its special connotations?
Answer:
3. Give the standard meaning and the informal meaning of the following words-loaf, bread, nick, kid, wicked.
Answer:
a. Loaf
Standard: a mass of bread shaped and baked in one piece.
Informal: to spend one’s time not working, or not doing what one should be doing.
b. Bread
Standard: a food made of flour, water, and ussually yeast mixed together and then baked.
Informal:a small loaf of bread for one person.
c. Nick
Standard: a very small cut.
Informal: to arrest somebody, to steal something.
d. Kid
Standard: a child or young person
Informal: to say something as a joke, often making someone believe something that is not true.
e. Wicked
Standard: people or their actions morally bad
Informal: excellent
4. What does the word register mean for a) linguist, b) a school teacher, c) a musician?
Answer:
A linguist = the style of language, grammar and words used for particular situations.
A school teacher = to put information, especially your name, into an official list or record.
A musician = all the notes that a musical instrument or a person's voice can produce, from the highest to the lowest.
Page 9
Exercise
iii.1 In a good dictionary, such as the Cambridge International Dictionary English, look up the word dissimilar. Are there any special aspects of usage that you should make a note of?
Answer:
If your dictionary does not tell you anything special about its usage, look at the notes about usage of dissmilar in unit 71
iii.2 Look in your dictionary and find out which two preposition normally follow the adjective liable.
Answer: preposition of for and to
iii.3 Find the dictionary which has the word aught in it. What special information does the dictionary give about its usage?
Answer:
ii.4 If you can acces internet, go to the website for Cambridge University Press dictionaries at dictionary.cambridge.org and find out if the two phrasal verbs catch up with and catch up on are the same, or wether there are differences in meaning.
Answer:
Catch up with and catch up on have different meaning.
- catch up with sb (PUNISH) phrasal verb.
If someone in authority catches up with you, they discover that you have been doing something wrong and often punish you for it: They had been selling stolen cars for years before the police caught up with them.
- Catch up with sb (CAUSE PROBLEMS) phrasal verb.
If something bad that you have done or that has been happening to you catches up with you, it begins to cause problems for you: His lies will catch up with him one day.
- Catch sb on the wrong foot.
If something catches you on the wrong foot, you are not prepared for it: I hadn't expected the question and it caught me on the wrong foot.
- Catch sb on the hop UK INFORMAL.
To do something when someone is not ready for it and is not able to deal with it: I'm afraid you've caught me on the hop I wasn't expecting you till next week.
Page 13
Exercise
iv.1 Choose between real and genuine in these sentences. Circle the more normal collocation. If both are acceptable, circle them both.
1. The Egyptian Pyramid hotel in Las Vegas is great, but I’d prefer to see the real/genuine thing.
Answer = genuine thing
2. He just does not live in the real/genuine world. He live in a fantasy world all the time.
Answer = real world
3. This briefcase is made of real/genuine leather.
Answer = real/genuine person
4. She is very real/genuine person. If she promises something, she’ll do it.
Answer = real person
5. This home-made champagne is nice, but it’s not as good as the real/genuine article.
Answer = genuine
iv.2 Choose one of the words below each sentence to fill the gaps. In each case only one of them is the normal collocation for the underlined word.
1. After his death, she went to the hospital to collect his personal ... .
a) affairs b) objects c) effects d) extras
Answer = b) objects
2. He made a rather ... attempt at an apology, but it didn’t convince anyone.
a) faint b)frail c)fragile d) feeble
Answer = d) feeble
3. George was a ... opponent, and I respected him for that.
a) formidable b) dreadful c) forbidding d) threatening
Answer = a) formidable
4. I was feeling ... anxious when she didn’t arrive.
a) totally b) pretty c) utterly d) blatantly
Answer = b) pretty
5. She seemed to be ... bewildered by the answer they gave her.
a) vividly b) strongly c) utterly d) heavily
Answer = b) strongly
iv.3 Circle the most suitable collocation in these sentences. The word you choose should have the approximate meaning given in brackets.
1. A brisk/brusque/brash (quick and energetic) walk before breakfast helps to enforce/sharpen/grow (increase, make stronger) the appetite.
Answer = - brisk
- grow
2. The death tally/tale/toll in the earthquake has now risen to 20,000. (number of total)
Answer = tally
3. Let’s take a sluggish/plodding/leisurely stroll along the beach, shall we? (slow and not energetic)
Answer = plodding
4. If you want to stay at home tonight, that’s utterly/perfectly/blatantly OK with me. (completely, 100%)
Answer = perfectly
5. My aunt bequeathed/bequested/bereaved ₤20,000 in her will to cancer research. (gave after her death)
Answer = bequested
6. If I remember rightly/keenly/fairly she had two brothers, both older than her. (correctly)
Answer = rightly
7. If you want information about the publisher of this book, you can accede/call/visit their website at www.cambridge.org. (consult, look at)
Answer = visit
8. Eating all those peanuts has spoilt/attacked/lowered my appetite. I don’t feel like dinner now. (destroyed, decreased)
Answer = attacked
iv.4 Which collocation is more likely? Circle the correct answer.
1. a strong car/ a powerful car 4. a doleful party / a doleful expression
2. strong tea / powerful tea 5. a lengthy car / a lengthy meeting
3. auburn hair/ auburn carpet
Answer
1. a powerful car
2. strong tea
3. auburn hair
4. a doleful expression
5. a lenghty meeting
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