resume

Meeting 1
February, 18 2009

The topic we will discuss in Semantic subject.
1. What is semantic?
2. Three types of synonim and antonym.
3. Hyphonemy and superordination.
4. Homophone and homonim.
5. Polysemy and metonomy.
6. Register (slank, colocall, figurtive, etc.).
7. Mid test.
8. Denotation and connotation.
9. Implication.
10. Ambiguity.
11. Metaphore, simile and symbol.
12. Collocation, fix expression, idiom.
13. Semantic change and etimology.
14. Final test.

What is Semantic



Folk names Technical terms

- Meaning - (discourse)semantic
Content - Wording - lexico grammar
(words/structures)


Expression Sounds/letter phonology/graphology


E.g. A tri stratal semiotic system of language.
- when the lights are out, they are invisible
- when the stars are out, they are visible
- he loves the bottle
Means that he loves the water in the glass receptacle.

Does semantic investigate denotative and connotative meaning?
Eg. Black cat = the cat whose the colour is black (denotative)
The conotative meaning in british english is unlucky connotation
Horse-shoe = a shoe wore by a horse (denotative)
The connotative meaning in british english ia lucky connotation

I can’t untie his knot with one hand.
1. I have an ability in certain things
2. I talking about knot
3. The process of loosening tie.
Garage sale: when some family want to move out so they will have unused item in the garage.
1. Is a ring suppose to be rang or square
2. Body sale = item for sale are related to garmens are named baby.


Meeting 2
February, 25 2009

Semantic investigates the relationship between eords (synonyms, antonyms, etc.)
Lexical items can be regardedas synonymous if they are replaceable without altering the meaning of the utterances.
Antonyms gradable antonyms
Ungradable antonyms / can’t use comparative structure

Converses = perceive the situation
Eg. He broke (snapped) the twig.
He had been the scapegoat of his basis incompetence
Fall guy
Temperature (formal) = mercury (informal)
Tornado=twister
Wise guy = wise man
Oversee = over look
Notice to fell to notice
An action does by the supervisor,
Synonym = perfect, near, and far
Blam passing = saling menyalahkan = finger pointing
Ocean = big mama
Low pro (file) = inconspicuous Corpse = death human body
Home = habitual abode Carcass = death animal body
Antonym
Dead alive (complimentary
ungradable antonym
big small
gradable antonym
converses
lend borrow
give receive
catch throw

Find the synonym of the words underlined below.
1. My pizza got cols. I’m going to microwave it.
Answer : heat
2. She is enjoy europicaly now that she has a good job.
Answer : europicaly = happy, exiting
Now that = because
3. There is a lot of breaking and accelerating on the road right now due to rush our.
Answer : breaking = slow
Accelerating = go
Rush our = crowded
4. There is a lot of deterioration happening to my car driving it to work everyday.
Answer: deterioration = damage, wear and tear
5. This work is bone breaking.
Answer: terribly hard


Meeting 3
March, 4 2009

Hyponimy and superordination
Hyponimy and superordination show a relationship between two words in which the meaning of one of the words includes the meaning of the other. The specific term is called hyponimy and the general term is called superordinate. A superordinate term can have many hyponyms.

Battleship
Aircraft carrier
Fleet Cruises co-hyponyms
Destroyer
Frigrate

Fleet = military ship in a country.
Frigate = a travel with other ship to protect them.

Desert
Fruit
Food
Vegetables lasagne = Italian dish, made from pasta, vegetable
Dishes burger
Edibles

Coffee
Beverages Milk
Banana milkshake

Edibles = a thing that can be eaten, subordinating term, higher level of S (superordination)
Multiplication
Spoon Addition
Cutlery Fork Calculation Substraction
Knife Division

Can Tobogganing
Motorbike Toning exercise
Vehicle Bus Sport White water rafting
Train Stationary cycling




1. Bite
2. Soulty
3. Sour Taste
4. Sweet
5. Testless
6. Delicious

Practice
Discriminate among words
1. What is the relationship between baby, toddler, child at the lesson (teenager) and adults.
2. find three more superordinating terms that cover several hyponyms.

Answer:
1. People is the superordination of baby, child, at the lesson (teenager) and adults, toddler.
Baby, child, at the lesson (teenager) and adults are hyponym.
2. Flower, animal, furniture, colour, omyside.

Construct 2 sentences showing semantic superordination (never, before)
1. I never eat lasagne before, i considering eating the food next time.
2. My mother planted roses in the garden on Sunday, because she likes flowers verymuch.


Meeting 4
March, 11 2009

Metonomy is a cognitive process in which one conceptual entity (the vehicle) provides mental acces to another conceptual entity (the target)
The whole-for the part M. Eg. The 11 football players.
The controller-for the controlled M. Eg. Nixon bombed hanoi.
Metonomy The symbol-for the thing symbolized M. Eg. The pen is mighter than the sword.
The container-for the content M. Eg. He drank the whole bottle.

Polysemy is a word may be regarded as polysemous if it has two or more extended meanings whose extension differ somewhat but which clearly share a common semantic core-conventional or intentional.
She is a girl of sharp intelligences
Dry = is not wet.
Dry cow = a cow which is thirsty
Dry reading = boring
Dry humor = a man very clever humor which not very obvious/approving meaning.
Dry wedding = there is alcoholic served to the guest.
Dry wine = not sweet
Dry cough = doesn’t produce and flame
Dry voice = without emotion



Meeting 5
March, 18 2009

Homographs
1. a. He book a bow at the end of the concert.
b. He was wearing a bow tie.
2. a. They had a row over money and split up.
b. They sat in the back now.

Homophones
The archeological site was a marvellous sight at sunset. Let’s pray that we may never to prey to evil thoughts.
1. What is the subtitution?
2. What do you mean by homographs?
3. What do you mean by homophones?
4. What’s the different between homonyms and polysemy?
Homonyms divided into:
1. Homographs. That is a couple of word they are similar in writing and the same spelling but different in meaning.
2. Homophones. That is a cup of words. They are not similar in writing and not the same in spelling, has different meaning but the same in pronounciation.
Row = cruel, line of seat, moves the boat with a couple of instrument.
Another example of homophones:
Knight/hight
Homonyms is intralingual phenomenon within one single language false friends is not intralingual phenomenon into 2 languages.
Eg.
1. What is the history of the sweatest lesson?
Because it is full of dates.
2. Why did a big chimney say to the small chimney?
You are too young to smoke-cigarette, produce the blank smoke.
3. Why did you take a pencil to bed?
I wanted to draw teh curtain.
Draw = to make pictures, to full it open.
4. Mention another 3 phases of words having the same pronounciation but different meaning?
Bag – back
Sick – seek
Hate – hat
Plant – plan

Meeting 6
April, 1 2009

1. What do you mean by register?
2. What does the choice of register on?
3. Can you mention the six register types?
4. How many aspect in any situation that make different to how we use language/
5. What does the field of discourse refer to?
6. What does the tenor of discourse refer to?
7. What does the mode of discourse refer to?

Register :
1. Style of speaking / writing which is appropriate to a particular social situation.
2. Style of language use by the people sharing the same occupation.
Eg.
1. Pick up the paint brush, please? (positive politeness)
2. Sorry to bother you, but could you please pick up the paint brush?
The choice of register depend on:
1. Type of situation
2. The person addresed
3. The location
4. The topic discussed

Register types:
• archaic-modern = thou art –damsel-girl, sweatmeat-candy
• literary-non literary = morn-on the morrow
• technical-non technical =download-upload
• academic-non academic = GDA – paradigm
• formal – informal
• spoke – written
formal – neutral – informal
spectales – glasses – specs
abode/residence – house – place
clothing - clothes – clobber
spouse – husband – other half

What is the different between genre and register
Answer:
Genre is text types. There are 12 types of genre:
narrative, descriptive, argumentative, discussion, report, recount, hortatory exposistion.

Field of discourse = what is being talk about.
Tenor of discourse = the selection of language, interaction/relationship between person to person.
Eg. Mother - child
Mode of langage = the role language display spoken or written
Eg. Teacher – student


Meeting 8
April, 29 2009

1. What is denotation?
2. Which meaning is denotative often equated?
3. What’s connotation?
4. Which meaning is connotative meaning often equated with?
5. Is connotative meaning universal of language specific?

Connotative = a language skill
Denotative = a universal
Denotative is part of meaning that relate to phenomenon in the real world (referential). It must be focus of physical referent. It is core meaning, conseptual meaning, central meaning, referential.
Word (bird)






Meaning referent
- a two legged
- wriged
- warm blooded
- egg laying
- creature with a beak

conotative is the additional meaning that a word of phrase beyond in the central meaning/analogical nature of human conceptualization.
Cowboy builders/plumbers
Birdwatching/ bird watcher
Horseshoe/mascot/black cat
Horseshoe and mascot is lucky connotation in british english.
Blackcat is unlucky conotation in british english.
Shark = untrustable person, dishonest person

A scar war
Scar = something ugly, dennotation-human/animal body.

White = purity (british english)
Black = evil (british english)
Blue = miserable (british english)
Red = danger (british english)
Yelow = fears (british english)

1. Can you find at least one culture/language specific connotative meaning?
2. The tongue still bears, the scar war. Can you explain the connotation meaning of scar as it is used in this sentence.
Answer:
1. Butterfly and crocodile
2. Scar = danger, sorrow, unrealibility
Bears = something unpleasent